What is Surrogacy?, Methods, Risks, Outcomes and Concerns

What is Surrogacy?

Surrogacy is an arrangement of legal agreement where by a woman agrees to bear a child for another person or people who will later become the child’s parent(s) after the childbirth.

Why should one opt for surrogacy?

Surrogacy is somehow necessary when pregnancy is medically impossible, when pregnancy risks are dangerous for the intended mother, or when a single guy or a male couple wishes to have a child. Surrogacy is one of ways to help in reproductive methods.

Couples seeking a surrogacy arrangement in a country where it is illegal may travel to a region where it is legal. Surrogacy is permitted in various nations if there is no exchange of money in return. Commercial surrogacy is defined as receiving payment for the arrangement.

What are the Methods/types of Surrogacy

There are two methods of surogacy, Traditional (partial, natural or straigh) and gestational surrogacy(full surrogacy).

1.)Traditional Surrogacy

Traditional surrogacy occurs when the intended father’s sperm fertilizes the surrogate’s egg. Using a donor’s sperm results in a child who is genetically unrelated to the intended parent(s) but if the sperm of the intended father is used in the insemination, the resulting child is genetically connected to both the intended father and the surrogate.

In some situations, the parties may undertake insemination privately without the participation of a doctor or physician. In some countries, intended parents who use donor sperm must go through an adoption process in order to acquire legal parental rights to the resulting kid.

2.)Gestational Surrogacy

Gestational surrogacy occurs when an embryo produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) technology is implanted in a gestational carrier. There are several ways of conducting gestational surrogacy and in each case, the resulting child is genetically unrelated to the surrogate.They are;

• The embryo is made from the intended father’s sperm and the intended mother’s eggs;
• The embryo is made from the intended father’s sperm and the intended mother’s eggs;
• The embryo is obtained by combining the egg of the intended mother and donor sperm.
• Such an embryo may become available if other people undergoing IVF have leftover embryos that they donate to others. The resulting child has no genetic resemblance to the intended parent(s).

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What are the Risks/ Outcomes of Surrogacy?

The embryo implanted through gestational surrogacy is exposed to the same dangers as anyone who uses IVF. The embryo’s pre-implantation dangers include;

• Higher risks of complications
• Hypertensive disorder during pregnancy
• Low rates of placenta previa
• Physical/mental abnormalities to the child
• Premature labour and delivery

What are the psychological concerns of Surrogacy?

Although most gestational surrogates are pleased with their experience as surrogates, there are some who are not.

• Feeling Frustrated because of unmet expectations where by some women did not feel close to the couple, while others did not feel appreciated by the couple.
• During the surrogacy process, some gestational surrogates report experiencing emotional distress.
• Through the surrogate procedure, there may be a lack of access to treatment and emotional support.
• Gestational surrogates may experience postpartum depression as well as difficulties giving the child to its intended parents.
• Some surrogates report bad sentiments about abandoning parental rights to the kid right after birth, although most negative feelings fade after a while.

Gay men who have become fathers through surrogacy have had same experiences to other surrogacy couples, including their relationship with both their child and their surrogate. Some countries are popular surrogacy destinations for international intended parents, including the United States, Canada, Greece, Ukraine, Georgia, and Russia.

Qualifyication, processes, and costs range by country. Legal restrictions in the home nation or the enticement of reduced prices abroad promote fertility tourism for surrogacy. In conclusion, Surrogacy is widely condemned by the Catholic Church as immoral and that it contradicts with Biblical scriptures on the issues of birth, marriage, and life.

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What is surrogacy in simple words?

Surrogacy is an agreement in which a woman gives birth on behalf of someone who is physically unable to have babies and then delivers the baby to that person.

Why do celebrities do surrogacy?

Celebrities use surrogacy for a variety of reasons, including being a same-sex partner, being a single parent, and dealing with infertility. These celebrities have tried to break the silence around it by sharing their experiences, sparking a discussion, and being open about it.

Can a single man have a surrogate baby in India?

Surrogacy is no longer an option for single men and women in India, according to the Rajya Sabha’s approval of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2020 on December 8. Surrogacy is no longer an option for single men and women in India, according to the Rajya Sabha’s approval of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2020 on December 8.

Is surrogacy legal in Pakistan?

Surrogacy is viewed against Islam’s injunctions as stated down in the Qur’an and Sunnah in Pakistan. A surrogacy contract has been declared null and void by the FSC. The FSC examined several types of surrogacy in Farooq Siddiqui v Farzana Naheed.